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Exhibits and collectors editions mark 400th anniversary of Shakespeare's First Folio_我的网站

一 |     NEW YORK -- On the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare's First Folio, rare originals are being displayed and publishers are offering collectors editions of Shakespeare's plays, including one that sells for $1,500.Scholars believe that between 200-300 copies still survive from the late 1623 release of “Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories & Tragedies." Presided over by two friends and former colleagues of Shakespeare, who had died in 1616, the Folio ensured that lasting texts existed for “Macbeth,” “Twelfth Night” and other cornerstones of Western literature. In Shakespeare's lifetime, many of his works were unpublished or available only in cheap paperback editions.“Without the First Folio we would have lost a world of words,” Gregory Doran, artistic director emeritus of the Royal Shakespeare Company, writes in the introduction to “The Complete Plays” of Shakespeare, a new publication.First folios have been on exhibit everywhere from the British Museum to the New York Public Library and at least two major book projects will mark the anniversary. The British Museum is collaborating with Rizzoli Books in New York on “Shakespeare’s First Folio: 400th Anniversary Facsimile Edition,” contained within a slipcase cover. With a list price of $150, the book is 928 pages and includes an introductory booklet co-written by Adrian Edwards, head curator of the British Library’s Printed Heritage Collections.The most ambitious, and exclusive project, is “The Complete Plays,” a limited edition from the Folio Society, an employee-owned company in London that puts out customized volumes ranging from "Beowulf" to George R.R. Martin's “A Song of Ice and Fire” series. The Society has printed just 1,000 copies of the 3-volume box set, with a list price of $1,500. Besides Doran's introduction, the Folio Society release includes a foreword by Dame Judi Dench. Each set is hand-numbered by illustrator Neil Packer.More than three-quarters of “The Complete Plays” have already sold, according to the publisher.“In an era when everything seems disposable, I feel like there's a good market for fine editions of classic books,” says Folio Society publishing director Tom Walker.The First Folio was daring, even audacious for its time, when such publications were “reserved for learned treatises, hefty genealogical texts, books of religious or historiographical importance, or even works by monarchs,” according to Shakespeare scholar Chris Laoutaris. Before Shakespeare the only playwright known to have been so honored was his contemporary Ben Jonson, who honored himself by overseeing “The Workes of Benjamin Jonson” in 1616. While the British Museum edition is relatively affordable, the Folio Society's production is closer to the intended market for the original release."Only those with deep pockets, and the space to read them, could afford such luxurious products," says Laoutaris, an associate professor at the Shakespeare Institute in the playwright's native Stratford-On-Avon and author of “Shakespeare’s Book: The Intertwined Lives Behind the Fist Folio,” which came out this year. “When it was released, the First Folio cost more to produce than any other collection of plays in history up until that point.”The Folio proved successful enough that an updated edition, the Second Folio, was published in 1632, a Third Folio in 1663 and a fourth in 1685. By the 19th century, the original Folio was becoming a valued piece of history, in part through the efforts of collectors Henry and Emily Folger, and a symbol of might for the British Empire. Sir George Grey, who had served as a colonial governor, established libraries worldwide that included copies of the First Folio.“For Grey, the First Folio represented the pinnacle of culture, but specifically English culture,” Laoutaris says. “He sought nothing less than the obliteration of the language and culture of the native populations in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, nurturing a desire to replace these with the English language and its literary products." The United States is home to more than half of all existing copies of the First Folio, followed by the United Kingdom and Japan, with handfuls of editions also existing in Germany, France, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand among other countries. For antiquarians, the First Folio is the greatest of prizes: One sold for $9.9 million in 2020. For scholars and countless admirers, the Folio is secondary to the plays themselves."Shakespeare’s stature, for the past 400 years, is a reflection of his plays’ staying power on the stage far more than their survival in a collected works," says James Shapiro, a professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University and author of several books on Shakespeare.“You can buy a Ben Jonson folio for a few thousand dollars; a Shakespeare folio will cost you millions. The reason for this simple: the remarkable afterlife of his comedies, histories, and tragedies in theaters throughout the world.”。    记者 宋梦华从480p到4K，从模糊到“毛孔可见”，AI修复正在让一代人的青春记忆变得清晰。今年，优酷上线“人间宝酷AI高清修复经典”专题页面，运用自研生成式AI大模型，完成对央视版四大名著、《天龙八部》《神雕侠侣》《大明王朝1566》《寻秦记》等国民级经典剧集的4K修复。画质的跃升，使得当年受限于画质而被掩藏的表演细节，首次以清晰面目呈现在观众面前。

二 | “没想到这些老剧也能达到4K画质。”不少网友感慨。

三 | 对于被誉为“演技教科书”的《大明王朝1566》，高清修复令陈宝国、倪大红、黄志忠等演员的微表情与眼神流转纤毫毕现，被剧迷视为“二刷新动力”。社交媒体上，“经典焕新”话题持续升温，观众纷纷截取对比画面，分享“重逢”旧作的新鲜体验。

四 | 图为《红楼梦》修复前后对比。然而，惊喜之余，修复中的“AI痕迹”也引发广泛讨论。《大明王朝1566》中，有观众指出个别角色面部出现“异化”甚至“外国人”既视感；《少年包青天》里，李冰冰饰演的凌楚楚近景尚可，中景时脸部却“判若两人”；《寻秦记》中一名丫鬟的呈现方式更显突兀，人物由模糊渐趋清晰，AI却直接“置换”了一张数字合成面孔。此外，部分镜头景深破坏、锐化过度、字幕错别字等问题，也让整体观感打了折扣。技术带来的违和感，成为观众吐槽最为集中的焦点。图为《少年包青天》AI修复后李冰冰饰演的凌楚楚。客观而言，AI带来的违和感与其效率优势相伴而生。以经典电影《少林寺》为例，传统人工修复需耗时约8个月，而优酷自研AI系统可在2天内完成全片修复，效率提升逾百倍。

五 | 速度的飞跃固然令人振奋，但也暴露出高速运转下的技术短板。优酷技术团队坦言，当前AI修复经典老片还存在一定的局限性，依然无法避免在个别画面中出现人物失真、服饰花纹错误、字幕匹配错误等问题。AI可以快速补全像素，却难以精准还原创作者的原始美学意图；远景人脸重构、繁复衣饰纹理的复原，对AI而言仍是挑战。AI修复技术自身的演进，仍需时间沉淀。观众对细节的挑剔恰恰体现了对经典的热爱与珍视，他们既为画质的跃升而欣喜，也为细节的失准而直言，这种热忱本身就是对经典最深的情感投射。正如一位网友所言：“看着那些熟悉的画面变得清晰，就像重逢了老朋友，虽然有些地方还不太完美，但能感受到这份用心。

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